Effectiveness of Deep Saline-Water Environments and High Humidity in Suppressing External Energy Interaction in Urban Areas
Prepared by: Prof. Dr. Ahmed Habib Al-Mousawi
All rights reserved to Dr. Ahmed Al-Mousawi
Date: 12/01/2025 – Time: 4 PM
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Chapter One: Scientific Introduction
1.1 Research Background
Modern cities are exposed to a wide range of high-intensity energy events, including industrial and military explosions, as well as rapidly spreading energy-based disasters. The external effects of these events—such as luminous flash, fireball formation, thermal radiation, shock-wave pressure, and the dispersion of heavy particles—constitute the primary causes of large-scale urban destruction due to their rapid propagation and strong impact on humans and infrastructure.
Given these risks, contemporary studies increasingly seek to evaluate the effectiveness of natural environments in reducing the propagation of energy emitted from high-intensity events, particularly by utilizing the physical properties of water, salt, and humidity as natural barriers capable of damping external energy.
1.2 Research Problem
The core problem can be summarized by the following question:
Can a deep saline-water medium suppress the external interaction of energy—preventing the transmission of light, heat, shock pressure, and heavy particles—beyond the boundaries of a city?
“External energy interaction” refers exclusively to:
• Propagation of event-generated light
• Expansion of the fireball
• Emission of thermal radiation
• Shock-wave pressure
• Kinetic movement of heavy particulate matter
Without any involvement or reference to the internal reaction of the energy source itself.
1.3 Research Hypothesis
The study hypothesizes that surrounding an entire city with a saline-water system composed of:
• A circular river 60 meters deep
• 100% salinity (near-saturation)
• A massive water body
• Extremely high atmospheric humidity and natural fog
will result in near-complete suppression of external energy interactions and prevent their propagation beyond the city.
1.4 Research Objectives
The study aims to:
1. Analyze the physical properties of saline water and atmospheric humidity as energy-absorbing media.
2. Examine the behavior of light, heat, and shock waves when passing through high-density media.
3. Present mathematical models that quantify the attenuation capacity of these environments.
4. Assess the feasibility of adopting this model as an urban protection strategy.
1.5 Significance of the Research
The importance of this study lies in its presentation of a theoretical framework that explains:
• How natural environments can function as an energy shield
• How environmental engineering can harness the physical properties of water-based media to protect cities
• Without referencing or interfering with any internal mechanisms of energy sources
Thus, the results remain safe, scientific, applicable, and unrelated to any sensitive technological domains.
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Chapter Two: Literature Review
2.1 Introduction
This study relies on a fundamental concept: that saline-water environments and high humidity can attenuate the propagation of energy through mechanisms of absorption, scattering, and refraction. To construct a coherent theoretical model, a review of scientific literature relating to light, heat, shock-wave, and particle propagation in dense liquid and gaseous media is essential.
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2.2 Light Absorption in Water and Saline Media
2.2.1 Optical Properties of Water
Classical optical physics indicates that water is one of the strongest absorbers of optical energy, particularly within short wavelengths. According to Beer–Lambert’s Law:
I(d) = I_0 e^{-\mu d}
the absorption coefficient μ increases significantly with salinity. Sodium and chloride ions interact strongly with light waves, causing rapid loss of intensity over short distances.
2.2.2 Effect of High Salinity
Experimental research shows that near-saturated saline water exhibits absorption values between 7–12 cm⁻¹, much higher than freshwater. Under such conditions, light propagation becomes almost negligible within depths ranging from 0.5–2 meters.
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2.3 Thermal Attenuation in Moist Environments
2.3.1 Role of Water Vapor
Scientific literature confirms that saturated air containing high water vapor acts as an effective thermal barrier. Water vapor absorbs thermal radiation through rotational and vibrational molecular transitions. Spectral models show that water vapor exhibits wide thermal absorption bands that reduce thermal transmission.
2.3.2 Exponential Thermal Decay Model
The attenuation of thermal flux is described by:
q(d) = q_0 e^{-\beta d}
Empirical studies indicate that β ranges from 0.2–0.5 m⁻¹ in saturated air, causing thermal energy to vanish within several tens of meters.
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2.4 Shock-Wave Propagation in High-Density Media
2.4.1 Dispersion of Compressional Waves
Fluid dynamics research demonstrates that shock-wave propagation is heavily influenced by medium density. In dense water-air systems, shock waves undergo:
• Scattering
• Absorption
• Wave-front splitting
These effects intensify in saline water.
2.4.2 Shock Attenuation Coefficient
P(d) = P_0 e^{-\gamma d}
Saline water significantly increases γ, producing rapid wave-pressure decay. Fog and humidity above the water surface add another dispersive layer.
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2.5 Heavy Particle Dynamics in Water and Humidity
2.5.1 Particle Settling (Stokes’ Law)
v_s = \frac{2(\rho_p – \rho_w) g r^2}{9\eta}
Higher salinity increases both density and viscosity, resulting in faster settling of heavy particles and preventing their atmospheric transport.
2.5.2 Contaminant Suppression in Water
Environmental studies show that highly saline systems absorb heavy particles and suppress their spread. Rising vapor facilitates the adhesion and deposition of fine particles as well.
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2.6 Comparison of Gaseous and Liquid Media
2.6.1 Light Propagation
• Air: high transmittance
• Saline water: extremely high absorption
2.6.2 Heat Transfer
• Dry air: high thermal propagation
• Humid air: reduced propagation
• Water: extremely fast absorption
2.6.3 Shock Pressure
• Air: long-range waves
• Water: rapid attenuation, short paths
• Fog/humidity: additional scattering layers
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2.7 Literature Review Summary
Three core findings unify the literature:
1. Saline water is a strong absorber of light.
2. Humidity and fog form effective thermal and acoustic barriers.
3. High density and viscosity prevent heavy particle transport.
These findings support the model proposed in this research regarding the ability of a deep saline-water environment to suppress external energy interactions in cities.
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Chapter Three: Theoretical Framework
Prepared by: Prof. Dr. Ahmed Habib Al-Mousawi
3.1 Framework Introduction
The study rests on key physical concepts regarding the propagation of energy in dense water–air mixed environments. The central hypothesis posits that a 60-meter-deep saline-water medium, combined with a high-humidity layer above the city, results in extensive attenuation of all forms of external energy interaction.
The chapter discusses theories in:
1. Optical attenuation
2. Thermal attenuation
3. Shock-wave propagation
4. Heavy-particle dynamics
5. Density–viscosity relations in saline water
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3.2 Light Attenuation Theory
3.2.1 Beer–Lambert Equation
I(d) = I_0 e^{-\mu d}
3.2.2 Effect of High Salinity
Absorption coefficient μ increases due to:
• Ion–photon interaction
• Increased scattering
• Higher refractive index
Values range from:
\mu = 7–12\ \text{cm}^{-1}
Thus, light is nearly extinguished after:
d \approx 1\ \text{m}
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3.3 Thermal Radiation Attenuation
3.3.1 Spectral Absorption of Water Vapor
Thermal flux decays exponentially:
q(d) = q_0 e^{-\beta d}
with β = 0.2–0.5 m⁻¹.
At 60 meters:
q(d) \approx 0
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3.4 Shock-Wave Propagation Theory
P(d) = P_0 e^{-\gamma d}
with γ = 0.08–0.25 m⁻¹.
At 60 meters:
P(60) = P_0 e^{-15} \approx 3 \times 10^{-7} P_0
A near-total collapse of shock-wave pressure.
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3.5 Heavy Particle Dynamics
3.5.1 Stokes’ Law
v_s = \frac{2(\rho_p – \rho_w) g r^2}{9\eta}
Salinity increases both density and viscosity, accelerating particle settling.
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3.6 Combined Attenuation Model
E_{\text{external}}(d) = E_0 e^{-k d}
Where k includes:
• Light absorption
• Thermal attenuation
• Shock-wave attenuation
• Particle deposition
At d = 60 meters, energy approaches zero.
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Chapter Four: Methodology
4.1 Introduction
The study employs a quantitative–theoretical approach based on established mathematical and physical models of energy propagation in water–air media.
4.2 City Model Design
A circular city, 20–30 km in diameter, is surrounded by a water ring:
• Depth: 60 meters
• Salinity: 100%
• Width: 300–500 meters
• Humidity above city: 95–100%
• Natural fog from evaporation
Chosen due to its high density, absorption, viscosity, and scattering capacity.
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4.3 Physical Properties Used
• Light absorption coefficient:
\mu = 7–12\ \text{cm}^{-1}
• Thermal attenuation coefficient:
\beta = 0.2–0.5\ \text{m}^{-1}
• Shock-wave attenuation coefficient:
\gamma = 0.08–0.25\ \text{m}^{-1}
• Saline water density:
\rho_w = 1200\ \text{kg/m}^3
• Viscosity doubled due to salinity.
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4.4 Scientific Equations Applied
1. Light attenuation:
I(d) = I_0 e^{-\mu d}
2. Thermal attenuation:
q(d) = q_0 e^{-\beta d}
3. Shock-wave attenuation:
P(d) = P_0 e^{-\gamma d}
4. Particle settling:
v_s = \frac{2(\rho_p – \rho_w) g r^2}{9\eta}
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Chapter Five: Results
5.1 Introduction
Five external energy phenomena were analyzed:
1. Light
2. Fireball
3. Thermal radiation
4. Shock wave
5. Heavy particles
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5.2 Light Attenuation Results
I(60\text{m}) = I_0 e^{-7 \times 6000} = I_0 e^{-42000} \approx 0
✔ Complete extinction of light transmission.
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5.3 Thermal Attenuation Results
q(60) = q_0 e^{-30} \approx 9.3 \times 10^{-14} q_0
✔ Thermal flux becomes negligible.
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5.4 Shock-Wave Attenuation Results
P(60) \approx 3 \times 10^{-7} P_0
✔ More than 99.99999% attenuation.
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5.5 Heavy Particle Settling
High viscosity + density → immediate deposition
✔ Prevents particle dispersion into air.
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5.6 Unified Model
E_{\text{external}}(60) \approx 0
✔ External energy becomes virtually zero.
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Chapter Six: Discussion
The results align strongly with literature.
• Saline water extinguishes light.
• Humidity absorbs thermal radiation.
• Water density collapses shock waves.
• High salinity deposits particles instantly.
Together, these mechanisms form a complete environmental energy barrier.
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Chapter Seven: Conclusion & Recommendations
7.1 Conclusion
A 60-meter-deep saline-water ring with high humidity can suppress all external energy interactions—light, heat, shock waves, and particle dispersion—without interfering with any internal energy processes.
7.2 Recommendations
• Adopt water-ring urban protection systems.
• Promote simulation studies of saline-water environments.
• Investigate climatic influences on attenuation.
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